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(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) |
（摘自B. Sujato 2018/12） |
| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
如是我闻。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. |
At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. |
一时，佛陀住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。 |
| Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: |
There the Buddha addressed the monks: |
在那里，佛陀对比丘们说： |
| “bhikkhavo”ti. |
“monks!” |
“比丘们！” |
| “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. |
“Venerable sir,” they replied. |
“世尊，”他们回答道。 |
| Bhagavā etadavoca: |
The Buddha said this: |
佛陀如是说： |
| “vīmaṃsakena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā parassa cetopariyāyaṃ ajānantena tathāgate samannesanā kātabbā ‘sammāsambuddho vā no vā’ iti viññāṇāyā”ti. |
“monks, a monk who is an inquirer, unable to comprehend another’s mind, should scrutinize the Realized One to see whether he is a fully awakened Buddha or not.” |
“比丘们，一位寻问的比丘，若不能理解他人的心，应仔细观察如来，看他是否是一位完全觉悟的佛陀。” |
| “Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā, bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā; sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṃyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho; bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī”ti. |
“Our teachings are rooted in the Buddha. He is our guide and our refuge. Sir, may the Buddha himself please clarify the meaning of this. The monks will listen and remember it.” |
“我们的教法以佛陀为根基。他是我们的导师，我们的皈依处。世尊，请佛陀亲自解释这个意义。比丘们会听闻并记住它。” |
| “Tena hi, bhikkhave, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti. |
“Well then, monks, listen and pay close attention, I will speak.” |
“那么，比丘们，仔细听，认真注意，我将要说法。” |
| “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. |
“Yes, sir,” they replied. |
“是的，世尊，”他们回答道。 |
| Bhagavā etadavoca: |
The Buddha said this: |
佛陀如是说： |
| “Vīmaṃsakena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā parassa cetopariyāyaṃ ajānantena dvīsu dhammesu tathāgato samannesitabbo cakkhusotaviññeyyesu dhammesu: |
“monks, a monk who is an inquirer, unable to comprehend another’s mind, should scrutinize the Realized One for two things—things that can be seen and heard: |
“比丘们，一位寻问的比丘，若不能理解他人的心，应从两方面——可见可闻的事物——仔细观察如来： |
| ‘ye saṅkiliṭṭhā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, saṃvijjanti vā te tathāgatassa no vā’ti? |
‘Can anything corrupt be seen or heard in the Realized One or not?’ |
‘在如来身上，是否可见可闻任何染污之物？’ |
| Tamenaṃ samannesamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
Scrutinizing him they find that |
观察他后，他们发现 |
| ‘ye saṅkiliṭṭhā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, na te tathāgatassa saṃvijjantī’ti. (1) |
nothing corrupt can be seen or heard in the Realized One. |
在如来身上，不可见可闻任何染污之物。 |
| Yato naṃ samannesamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
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| ‘ye saṅkiliṭṭhā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, na te tathāgatassa saṃvijjantī’ti, tato naṃ uttariṃ samannesati: |
They scrutinize further: |
他们进一步观察： |
| ‘ye vītimissā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, saṃvijjanti vā te tathāgatassa no vā’ti? |
‘Can anything mixed be seen or heard in the Realized One or not?’ |
‘在如来身上，是否可见可闻任何混杂之物？’ |
| Tamenaṃ samannesamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
Scrutinizing him they find that |
观察他后，他们发现 |
| ‘ye vītimissā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, na te tathāgatassa saṃvijjantī’ti. (2) |
nothing mixed can be seen or heard in the Realized One. |
在如来身上，不可见可闻任何混杂之物。 |
| Yato naṃ samannesamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
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| ‘ye vītimissā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, na te tathāgatassa saṃvijjantī’ti, tato naṃ uttariṃ samannesati: |
They scrutinize further: |
他们进一步观察： |
| ‘ye vodātā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, saṃvijjanti vā te tathāgatassa no vā’ti? |
‘Can anything clean be seen or heard in the Realized One or not?’ |
‘在如来身上，是否可见可闻任何清净之物？’ |
| Tamenaṃ samannesamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
Scrutinizing him they find that |
观察他后，他们发现 |
| ‘ye vodātā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, saṃvijjanti te tathāgatassā’ti. (3) |
clean things can be seen and heard in the Realized One. |
在如来身上，可见可闻清净之物。 |
| Yato naṃ samannesamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
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| ‘ye vodātā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, saṃvijjanti te tathāgatassā’ti, tato naṃ uttariṃ samannesati: |
They scrutinize further: |
他们进一步观察： |
| ‘dīgharattaṃ samāpanno ayamāyasmā imaṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ, udāhu ittarasamāpanno’ti? |
‘Did the venerable attain this skillful state a long time ago, or just recently?’ |
‘这位尊者是很久以前就证得了这种善法，还是最近才证得的？’ |
| Tamenaṃ samannesamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
Scrutinizing him they find that |
观察他后，他们发现 |
| ‘dīgharattaṃ samāpanno ayamāyasmā imaṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ, nāyamāyasmā ittarasamāpanno’ti. (4) |
the venerable attained this skillful state a long time ago, not just recently. |
这位尊者是很久以前就证得了这种善法，而不是最近才证得的。 |
| Yato naṃ samannesamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
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| ‘dīgharattaṃ samāpanno ayamāyasmā imaṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ, nāyamāyasmā ittarasamāpanno’ti, tato naṃ uttariṃ samannesati: |
They scrutinize further: |
他们进一步观察： |
| ‘ñattajjhāpanno ayamāyasmā bhikkhu yasappatto, saṃvijjantassa idhekacce ādīnavā’ti? |
‘Are certain dangers found in that venerable monk who has achieved fame and renown?’ |
‘那位已获得名声和赞誉的尊者比丘身上是否存在某些危险？’ |
| Na tāva, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno idhekacce ādīnavā saṃvijjanti yāva na ñattajjhāpanno hoti yasappatto. |
For, monks, so long as a monk has not achieved fame and renown, certain dangers are not found in them. |
比丘们，只要一位比丘尚未获得名声和赞誉，某些危险就不会出现在他们身上。 |
| Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ñattajjhāpanno hoti yasappatto, athassa idhekacce ādīnavā saṃvijjanti. |
But when they achieve fame and renown, those dangers appear. |
但当他们获得名声和赞誉时，那些危险就会出现。 |
| Tamenaṃ samannesamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
Scrutinizing him they find that |
观察他后，他们发现 |
| ‘ñattajjhāpanno ayamāyasmā bhikkhu yasappatto, nāssa idhekacce ādīnavā saṃvijjantī’ti. (5) |
those dangers are not found in that venerable monk who has achieved fame and renown. |
那位已获得名声和赞誉的尊者比丘身上不存在那些危险。 |
| Yato naṃ samannesamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
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| ‘ñattajjhāpanno ayamāyasmā bhikkhu yasappatto, nāssa idhekacce ādīnavā saṃvijjantī’ti, tato naṃ uttariṃ samannesati: |
They scrutinize further: |
他们进一步观察： |
| ‘abhayūparato ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā bhayūparato; |
‘Is this venerable securely stopped or insecurely stopped? |
‘这位尊者是稳固地止息了，还是不稳固地止息了？ |
| vītarāgattā kāme na sevati khayā rāgassā’ti? |
Is the reason they don’t indulge in sensual pleasures that they’re free of greed because greed has ended?’ |
他之所以不放纵感官享乐，是因为他摆脱了贪欲，因为贪欲已尽了吗？’ |
| Tamenaṃ samannesamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
Scrutinizing him they find that |
观察他后，他们发现 |
| ‘abhayūparato ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā bhayūparato; |
that venerable is securely stopped, not insecurely stopped. |
那位尊者是稳固地止息了，而不是不稳固地止息了。 |
| vītarāgattā kāme na sevati khayā rāgassā’ti. (6) |
The reason they don’t indulge in sensual pleasures is that they’re free of greed because greed has ended. |
他之所以不放纵感官享乐，是因为他摆脱了贪欲，因为贪欲已尽。 |
| Tañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ pare evaṃ puccheyyuṃ: |
If others should ask that monk: |
如果其他人问那个比丘： |
| ‘ke panāyasmato ākārā, ke anvayā, yenāyasmā evaṃ vadesi— |
‘But what reasons does the venerable have for saying this?’ |
“但尊者你为什么这么说呢？” |
| abhayūparato ayamāyasmā, nāyamāyasmā bhayūparato; |
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| vītarāgattā kāme na sevati khayā rāgassā’ti. |
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| Sammā byākaramāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ byākareyya: |
Answering rightly, the monk should say: |
比丘应该如实回答： |
| ‘tathā hi pana ayamāyasmā saṅghe vā viharanto eko vā viharanto, ye ca tattha sugatā ye ca tattha duggatā, ye ca tattha gaṇamanusāsanti, ye ca idhekacce āmisesu sandissanti, ye ca idhekacce āmisena anupalittā, nāyamāyasmā taṃ tena avajānāti. |
‘Because, whether that venerable is staying in a community or alone, some people there are in a good way or a bad way, some instruct a group, and some indulge in carnal pleasures, while others remain unsullied. Yet that venerable doesn’t look down on them for that. |
“因为，无论那位尊者是住在僧团中还是独居，那里有些人表现良好，有些人表现不佳，有些人教导一群人，有些人沉溺于肉欲享乐，而另一些人则保持纯洁。然而那位尊者并没有因此而轻视他们。 |
| Sammukhā kho pana metaṃ bhagavato sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ— |
Also, I have heard and learned this in the presence of the Buddha: |
而且，我曾亲自听佛陀说： |
| abhayūparatohamasmi, nāhamasmi bhayūparato, vītarāgattā kāme na sevāmi khayā rāgassā’ti. |
“I am securely stopped, not insecurely stopped. The reason I don’t indulge in sensual pleasures is that I’m free of greed because greed has ended.”’ |
‘我已安稳止息，并非不稳固止息。我不沉溺于感官享乐的原因是我已摆脱贪欲，因为贪欲已尽。’” |
| Tatra, bhikkhave, tathāgatova uttariṃ paṭipucchitabbo: |
Next, they should ask the Realized One himself about this: |
接下来，他们应该亲自向如来请教这个问题： |
| ‘ye saṅkiliṭṭhā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, saṃvijjanti vā te tathāgatassa no vā’ti? |
‘Can anything corrupt be seen or heard in the Realized One or not?’ |
“在如来身上，是否可见可闻任何染污之物？” |
| Byākaramāno, bhikkhave, tathāgato evaṃ byākareyya: |
The Realized One would answer: |
如来会回答： |
| ‘ye saṅkiliṭṭhā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, na te tathāgatassa saṃvijjantī’ti. (1) |
‘Nothing corrupt can be seen or heard in the Realized One.’ |
“在如来身上，不可见可闻任何染污之物。” |
| ‘Ye vodātā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, saṃvijjanti vā te tathāgatassa no vā’ti? |
‘Can anything clean be seen or heard in the Realized One or not?’ |
“在如来身上，是否可见可闻任何清净之物？” |
| Byākaramāno, bhikkhave, tathāgato evaṃ byākareyya: |
The Realized One would answer: |
如来会回答： |
| ‘ye vodātā cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā, saṃvijjanti te tathāgatassa; |
‘Clean things can be seen and heard in the Realized One. |
“在如来身上，可见可闻清净之物。 |
| etaṃ pathohamasmi, etaṃ gocaro, no ca tena tammayo’ti. (3) |
I am that range and that territory, but I don’t identify with that.’ |
我就是那个范围和那个领域，但我并不执着于那个。” |
| Evaṃvādiṃ kho, bhikkhave, satthāraṃ arahati sāvako upasaṅkamituṃ dhammassavanāya. |
A disciple ought to approach a teacher who has such a doctrine in order to listen to the teaching. |
弟子应该以这样的教义亲近老师，以便听闻教法。 |
| Tassa satthā dhammaṃ deseti uttaruttariṃ paṇītapaṇītaṃ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgaṃ. |
The teacher explains Dhamma with its higher and higher stages, with its better and better stages, with its dark and bright sides. |
老师解释佛法，其阶段越来越高，其境界越来越好，有其黑暗面和光明面。 |
| Yathā yathā kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti uttaruttariṃ paṇītapaṇītaṃ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgaṃ tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme abhiññāya idhekaccaṃ dhammaṃ dhammesu niṭṭhaṃ gacchati, satthari pasīdati: |
When they directly know a certain principle of those teachings, in accordance with how they were taught, the monk comes to a conclusion about the teachings. They have confidence in the teacher: |
当他们根据所学的教法，直接了知其中某个原则时，比丘就会对教法得出结论。他们对老师有信心： |
| ‘sammāsambuddho bhagavā, svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo, suppaṭipanno saṅgho’ti. |
‘The Blessed One is a fully awakened Buddha! The teaching is well explained! The Saṅgha is practicing well!’ |
“世尊是一位完全觉悟的佛陀！教法阐述得很好！僧伽修行得很好！” |
| Tañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ pare evaṃ puccheyyuṃ: |
If others should ask that monk: |
如果其他人问那个比丘： |
| ‘ke panāyasmato ākārā, ke anvayā, yenāyasmā evaṃ vadesi— |
‘But what reasons does the venerable have for saying this?’ |
“但尊者你为什么这么说呢？” |
| sammāsambuddho bhagavā, svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo, suppaṭipanno saṅgho’ti? |
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| Sammā byākaramāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ byākareyya: |
Answering rightly, the monk should say: |
比丘应该如实回答： |
| ‘idhāhaṃ, āvuso, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃ dhammassavanāya. |
‘Reverends, I approached the Buddha to listen to the teaching. |
“诸位尊者，我亲近佛陀是为了听闻教法。 |
| Tassa me bhagavā dhammaṃ deseti uttaruttariṃ paṇītapaṇītaṃ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgaṃ. |
He explained Dhamma with its higher and higher stages, with its better and better stages, with its dark and bright sides. |
他解释佛法，其阶段越来越高，其境界越来越好，有其黑暗面和光明面。 |
| Yathā yathā me, āvuso, bhagavā dhammaṃ deseti uttaruttariṃ paṇītapaṇītaṃ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgaṃ tathā tathāhaṃ tasmiṃ dhamme abhiññāya idhekaccaṃ dhammaṃ dhammesu niṭṭhamagamaṃ, satthari pasīdiṃ— |
When I directly knew a certain principle of those teachings, in accordance with how I was taught, I came to a conclusion about the teachings. I had confidence in the Teacher: |
当我根据所学的教法，直接了知其中某个原则时，我对教法得出了结论。我对老师有信心： |
| sammāsambuddho bhagavā, svākkhāto bhagavatā, dhammo, suppaṭipanno saṅgho’ti. |
“The Blessed One is a fully awakened Buddha! The teaching is well explained! The Saṅgha is practicing well!”’ |
“世尊是一位完全觉悟的佛陀！教法阐述得很好！僧伽修行得很好！” |
| Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, imehi ākārehi imehi padehi imehi byañjanehi tathāgate saddhā niviṭṭhā hoti mūlajātā patiṭṭhitā, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ākāravatī saddhā dassanamūlikā, daḷhā; |
When someone’s faith is settled, rooted, and planted in the Realized One in this manner, with these words and phrases, it’s said to be grounded faith that’s based on evidence. |
当一个人的信心以这种方式，用这些言语和措辞，在如来身上安住、扎根、牢固时，这被称为基于证据的坚定信心。 |
| asaṃhāriyā samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ. |
It is firm, and cannot be shifted by any ascetic or brahmin or god or Māra or Brahmā or by anyone in the world. |
它是坚固的，不能被任何沙门、婆罗门、神、魔罗、梵天或世上任何人所动摇。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tathāgate dhammasamannesanā hoti. |
This is how to scrutinize the Realized One’s qualities. |
这就是审视如来功德的方式。 |
| Evañca pana tathāgato dhammatāsusamanniṭṭho hotī”ti. |
But the Realized One has already been properly searched in this way by nature.” |
但如来本身已经以这种方式被恰当地探索过了。” |
